【10.03.04 澳大利亚人报】China's rural workers getting left behind

青蛙小王子

http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/chinas-rural-workers-getting-left-behind/story-e6frg6so-1225836702328

CHINA's annual National's People's Congress begins in Beijing tomorrow amid a widening earnings gap between urban and rural citizens, an escalating crime rate, increasing dissatisfaction with endemic corruption and the spectre of inflation and asset bubbles underpinning a less certain economic outlook.
Strong calls also emerged this week for the rapid dismantling of the 52-year-old household registration -- or hukou -- system, which limits rural migrant workers' access to health, education and welfare services in prosperous cities.
Premier Wen Jiabao, who will lay out his economic plans for the next year at the conference, has described 2010 as "the most complicated year" for China, after the country withstood the initial phase of the global downturn with a 4 trillion yuan stimulus package together with a state-supported 10 trillion yuan in new bank loans.
Yet the money flowed mainly into infrastructure and state-owned companies, leading to a shortage of cash for private industry and unbalanced growth.
The earnings gap between China's urban and rural citizens has widened to its biggest since the country began opening up 32 years ago. The urban per capita net income stood at 17,175 yuan ($2784) last year, in contrast to 5153 yuan in the countryside, according to China's National Bureau of Statistics.
"I am afraid the (urban-rural) income gap will continue to expand as the country focuses its efforts on urban sprawl, rather than rural development," Song Hongyuan, director of the Research Centre for the Rural Economy in the Ministry of Agriculture, told China Daily. The major newspapers this week banded together to run a group editorial calling for an accelerated dismantling of the hukou system.
In an article in the Communist Party's Qiushi Journal, Zhou Yongkang, one of China's top nine leaders, said there was an urgent need to speed up the reform of the hukou system and to explore new models to manage the flow of the workforce nationwide.
As well, there has been a "drastic" increase in violent crime. Criminal prosecutions increased by more than 10 per cent last year, and public security cases grew by about 20 per cent, said a report by the Social Sciences Academic Press.
But the toughest short-term trick for policy-makers is how to wind back stimulus measures without harming the economy.
"Stimulus policies have done much in the crisis, but it is time to consider when and how to withdraw them," said Qin Xiao, chairman of China Merchants Bank.
"The great recession has made it more imperative for China to promote domestic demand with a view to bringing about sustainable growth over the long run," Morgan Stanley economist Qing Wang said. "Against this backdrop, urbanisation -- where reform initiatives have been lagging -- is likely to be given a greater role in helping deliver continued strong growth."
The Chinese government continues to perceive economic growth as the key to stability.

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