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本帖最后由 seal 于 2010-6-1 21:36 编辑
【中文标题】中国大坝引发地震和山体滑坡
【原文标题】Chinese dam causes quakes and landslides
【登载媒体】英国泰晤士报
【来源地址】http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article7140217.ece
【译者】seal
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载。
【原文库】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-245382-1-1.html
【译文】
Some of the damage caused can be seen in Badong
在巴东造成的一些损坏
The Three Gorges dam was so vast and sweeping a vision that nothing could stand in its way. Not the old cities of the Yangtze valley, storehouses of human toil and treasure for more than a thousand years. Not the lush, low-lying farmlands, nor the villages, nor even the pagodas and temples that graced the riverbanks.
三峡大坝是如此的规模宏大，它席卷大片区域，没有东西能够挡它的道。长江流域的古城不行，一千多年的人类劳作和财富宝藏不行，还有那富饶低洼的农田，村庄，甚至惠泽河畔的宝塔和寺院也不行 。
The cries of dissenting scientists and the lamentations of more than a million Chinese people forced to leave their ancestral lands counted for nothing.
持反对意见的科学家们的大声疾呼，被迫离开祖祖辈辈生活土地的超过百万中国人的哀泣，这一切都是徒劳。
When the waters rose to 570ft last year, drowning all these things, it marked a triumph for the engineers at the top of the Chinese Communist party.
当水位在去年上升到570英尺的时候，所有的这些东西都被淹没了，但它对于处在中国共产党高层的工程师们来说，标志的是一个伟大的胜利。
But in the past six months a sinister trail of events has unfolded from the dam all the way up the 410-mile reservoir to the metropolis of Chongqing.
然而在过去的6个月，从三峡410英里长的水库一路到大城市重庆，一连串灾难事件渐渐浮现。
It began with strange, small-scale earthquakes recorded by official monitoring stations and reported by the Chinese media.
起初是官方监测站记录下的一些奇怪的，小规模的地震，中国媒体对此有过报道。
Mysterious cracks split roads and sundered schoolhouses and apartments in newly built towns and villages on the bluffs looking down on the river.
神秘的地裂撕开江边峭壁上新建城镇和村庄的道路，毁坏校舍和住房。
The local government now says that 300,000 people will have to move out in addition to the 1.4m evicted to make way for the dam.
当地政府说，为了给三峡大坝让路，除了之前的140万人，现在还要再搬走300,000人。
More than 50,000 residents have already been relocated owing to seismic problems that were not foreseen when the dam was built, according to the state news agency, Xinhua.
由于大坝建设初期未能被预见的地震问题，已经有超过50,000的居民被重新安置，国家通讯社新华社报道说。
As the boats sail by, landslides can be seen from the river — some small, some big — staining the waters of the Yangtze with minerals and sediment.
乘船沿江，可以看见山体滑坡，有些规模小，有些规模大，泥石和沉淀物将长江水染上了浑浊的颜色。
Big pleasure cruisers, tramp steamers and shoals of sampans plough through waters that switch from hue to hue as their chemical composition changes.
大型的娱乐旅游船，货船和许多小船艰难地通过这片水域。江水由于化学物质的变化，色彩也在改变着。
In Badong county, midway through the Three Gorges, celebrated in Chinese painting and poetry, the citizens are troubled by a sense of foreboding.
在三峡中段的巴东县，这片地区由于在中国绘画和诗歌中的描绘而闻名，然而这里的居民却被不祥的预兆困扰着。
The local government hastily moved out of a prestigious new block after experts warned that it was unsafe.
当地政府匆匆忙忙地从一个有名的新区搬走了，因为专家警告那里可能不安全。
But ordinary folk and even schoolchildren have been left to fend for themselves. More than 3,000 children attend school every day in a building dating back to 1943 that officials know to be at risk of collapse. Nothing has been done to move them, supposedly because of a lack of funds.
但是普通居民甚至学校的孩子们却被留了下来，能够依靠的只有他们自己。超过3,000名孩子每天去可以上溯到1943年的老房子里上学，官员知道那栋建筑有倒塌的危险。但是没有人帮助他们搬迁，政府什么也没做，据说是因为资金缺乏。
The playground is riddled with cracks. One ominous jagged line runs down the side of the classrooms.
学校操场已经开裂，一条沿着教室外壁的锯齿状裂缝让人胆战心惊。
“The government agrees that our whole school must move,” said a worried teacher, who asked not to be named, “but so far it’s just talk.”
“政府承诺我们的学校一定会搬迁，”一位焦急的，不愿透露姓名的老师说，“但是到目前为止，他们只是说说而已。”
In a telling example of China’s glaring class differences, a group of unemployed workers live in housing provided by the state that is visibly cracking at the seams.
做为中国明显阶层差异的典型例子，一群失业工人正住在由政府提供的可以清楚地看到裂痕的房子里。
“What kind of dogshit government moves itself out and moves us into somewhere like this?” one of them complained.
“这是怎样的××政府，它自己搬走了，却把我们迁到这样的鬼地方？”他们中的一个人抱怨道。
“My house is like a fishing pond whenever it rains,” said Grandma Wang, 72. “I don’t mind for myself because I am old, but I care for my granddaughter, who is 10 and has to live in here.”
“只要一下雨，我的房子就像个鱼塘，”72岁的王奶奶说到，“我自己无所谓，因为我已经老了，我只是担心我的小孙女，她才10岁，却也不得不住在这儿。”
Badong is one of many places where the land and the water have interacted in ways that only a few scientists predicted before the dam was built. Their objections were overruled by the party.
巴东是水土相互制约的众多地方之一，只有少数科学家在大坝建设前预料到这一点。他们的反对意见通通被共产党否决了。
But last week even the state media acknowledged that the Three Gorges area faced a “grim” situation. Officials have counted 97 significant landslides this year alone. These are linked to the worrying increase in seismic activity.
但是在上周，即便是国家媒体也承认三峡地区面临着“严酷的”环境。仅仅在今年，官方就统计发生了97起重大的山体滑坡。这些情况难免会引发人们对地震活动的担心。
As the water rises, it penetrates fissures and seeps into soil. Then it loosens the slopes that ascend at steep angles on either side of the river. Eventually, rocks, soil and stone give way. The landslides undermine the geology of the area. That, in turn, sets off earth tremors. It may be the world’s biggest case of rising damp.
随着水位的上升，水穿过裂缝渗入土壤中，使河流两边的陡峭斜坡的土质变松。到最后，岩石，泥土和小石头就滑落下来。山体滑坡破坏了这个地区的地质环境。一次又一次引发了地表颤动。这可能是世界上最大的上升潮气实例。
One of the most startling examples can be seen on the river at an ancient stopping point where sampans moor. Hundreds of migrant workers live in abandoned shops and small houses along “the steps to the sky”, a stone staircase ascending from the riverbank up which labourers still carry their burdens on poles. A spiderweb of cracks patterns the slope.
最让人吃惊的事情之一可以在江边破旧的小船停靠点看到。数以百计的农民工住在废弃的商店和沿着“迈向天堂的阶梯”的小房子里。这条石阶沿着河畔上升，有许多劳工挑着担子。斜坡上遍布着蜘蛛网一样的裂纹。
“The owners all moved out because they are scared, so we rent this place out to porters to sleep for 10 yuan [about £1] a night,” said a drink seller.
“房屋主人因为害怕，都搬走了，所以我们以10元[大约1英镑]一晚上的价格租给搬运工人，”一位饮料店老板这样说到。
Nearby, two entire apartment buildings stand vacant with their windows and doors open to the rains. An official notice warns: “Dangerous Dwelling!”
就在不远处，两栋公寓大楼早已人去楼空，窗户和大门在雨中敞开着。一条政府布告发出警告：“危房！”
The dam, built at a cost of more than £15 billion, was meant to control the scourge of flooding, irrigate arid provinces and generate millions of kilowatts in cheap, clean electricity. It is not working out like that.
三峡大坝，耗资超过150亿英镑，为的是要控制洪涝灾害，灌溉干旱的省份，产生数百万千瓦廉价干净的电能。可现在的情况可不像设想中的那样。
As the summer rains build up and the waters rise again behind the breathtaking span of the dam, with its 26 mighty turbines, only a trickle of stagnt water emerges.
随着夏季雨水增多，在携带着26台大型水轮发电机组的巨大水坝身后，水位再次上涨，留下一滩死水。
Along the waterfront in Yichang, the nearest city to the dam, people wash their cars in the water, but the smell can be overpowering.
在距离三峡大坝最近的宜昌市江畔，人们在江水中清洗他们的小汽车，难闻的气味让人窒息。
“It’s not clean,” said the captain of a ferryboat chugging upstream on the reservoir. “I’ve been on the river for 30 years and in the old days the water was so swift that anything dirty was swept away. But now it’s a lake. The waters are still. All the filth sinks to the bottom.”
“这水不干净了，”一位渡船沿江而上的船长说到。“我在这一带生活了30年，过去水流很急，可以冲走任何垃圾。但现在这里成了一个湖，水不流了，所有的脏东西都沉到江底去了。”
Once fast-flowing, the river seems oddly tranquil, and from the wharves at Chongqing it looks stagnant, polluted and murky.
曾经湍急的水流，现在看起来出奇的平静，从重庆的码头上看，江水显得停滞，污秽和浑浊。
Officials dismissed the first landslides as the foreseeable side-effects of a massive dam project. They are not so dismissive now. A total of 9,324 potentially dangerous sites have been identified. Geologists working midway down the reservoir have found 700 around one town alone on the north bank. Experts say the landslides could go on for 20 years as a huge settlement of earth and water takes shape.
第一次山体滑坡发生时，官方否认这是建设大型水坝工程的可预见的副作用。但现在他们不会再那样不屑一顾了。共有9,324处潜在的危险地点已经被确定。地质学者在水库中段发现仅仅在北岸的一座小镇周围就有700处危险地段。专家说由于地表沉降和水面成型，滑坡可能会持续20年。
It will cost China more than £5 billion to solve all this. A special budget is being worked out inside the opaque bureaucracy that controls the state’s megaprojects.
解决所有这些问题将花费中国超过50亿英镑。一项正在运转中的特殊预算提供给不透明的官僚机构，用来管理国家建设的大型工程。
On the plus side, the power is flowing to cities as far away as Shanghai, and officials argue that it cuts air pollution and reduces greenhouse gases. They have built 50 waste water plants to cleanse the reservoir and created numerous landfill dumps.
从好的方面看，电力正不断地提供给远方的城市，比如上海。官员说此举有助于减轻空气污染，减少温室气体。他们已经建造了50座污水处理厂来净化水库，还设立了大量的垃圾填埋场。
However, political and scientific confusion reigns over the dam’s failure to relieve drought in the provinces of Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi down the Yangtze, while leaders argue about how much water to release, and when.
尽管如此，政治和科学上的混淆使得水坝没能成功地缓解长江下游湖北，湖南和江西等省份的干旱，领导者常常因什么时候放水，放多少水争论不休。
“There are some good things and some bad things about the dam,” said Huang Lu, 64, an itinerant seller of cigarettes and sex potions along the river. “But we older people lost so much ... our memories, our friends, our culture. Now I can only see the old things in my dreams.”
“三峡大坝的建设有益也有弊，”64岁的黄卢(音)说到，他是一位沿江卖香烟和成人药品的流动商贩。“但是我们的老人失去的太多 ... 我们的回忆，我们的朋友，我们的文化。现在我也只能在自己的梦里才能见到那些曾经的记忆了。” |
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