本帖最后由 下个月 于 2010-3-26 09:22 编辑
【中文标题】中国反制之后，谷歌正在品尝自己种下的苦果
【原文标题】Google Faces Fallout as China Reacts to Site Shift
【登载媒体】纽约时报
【来源地址】http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/24/technology/24google.html?pagewanted=1 【译者】fukgm
【翻译方式】人工
【声明】本翻译供Anti-CNN使用，未经AC或译者许可，不得转载
【原文库】http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-233281-1-1.html 【译文】
（原文贴图：北京的夜晚，谷歌中国总部前一位看起来像华人的女性正在点燃一根蜡烛，为了怀念已经滚蛋的谷歌）
Andy Wong/Associated Press6
The company’s problems in China escalated on Tuesday as its ties to some Chinese partners began to come apart and the government reacted angrily to Google’s attempt to bypass government censors.
自周二以来，谷歌公司在中国面临着越来越多的麻烦：中国政府对公司拒绝信息过滤及接受审查的企图恼羞成怒，而其在中国同床异梦的合作伙伴也开始收拾家伙准备各奔东西了。
The overseas edition of the People’s Daily, the main newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party, on Wednesday accused Google of collaborating with U.S. spy agencies, Reuters reported.
据路透社报道，中共主要的喉舌——《人民日报》，其海外版于周三刊登社论谴责谷歌与美国情报部门沆瀣一气的行径。
“For Chinese people, Google is not god, and even if it puts on a full-on show about politics and values, it is still not god,’’ said a front-page commentary piece. ‘‘In fact, Google is not a virgin when it comes to values. Its cooperation and collusion with the U.S. intelligence and security agencies is well-known."
“对中国人民来说，谷歌不能代表绝对的权威，就算它将所有政治价值观“完整地”展现出来，那并不能改变其本质。”在其首页的一段评论里这样写道，“事实上，谷歌的纯洁性自从其转向推销价值观之后便不复存在了，现在它与中情局狼狈为奸的关系已经路人皆知。”
As for Google's move, the newspaper said: ‘‘All this makes one wonder. Thinking about the United States’ big efforts in recent years to engage in Internet war, perhaps this could be an exploratory pre-dawn battle."
对谷歌的离去，《人民日报》是这样表示的：“所有情况表明这么一个问题，从美国政府这些年来在互联网信息冲突中的各种所作所为可以看到，这（谷歌的表态）可能只是为将要发生冲突所作的预演罢了。”
Google, the world’s largest Internet company, once viewed China, the world’s largest Internet market, as a bottomless well of opportunity with nearly 400 million Web users, and an even larger number of potential customers for its nascent, but vital, mobile phone business.
谷歌——全球最大的互联网运营公司，一度将其目光转向中国这个聚宝盆，向这个世界最大网络业务市场的4亿网民及那些更多的潜在用户推销刚出品却身负公司重托的无线电话业务。
But by directing search users in China to its uncensored search engine based in Hong Kong, Google may have jeopardized its long-range plans.
但是将中国用户的搜索需求直接导向至在香港未经审查内容的这种做法，有可能危害公司在中国的长远发展。
“I don’t understand their calculation,” said J. Stapleton Roy, director of the Kissinger Institute on China and the United States at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. “I do not see how Google could have concluded that they could have faced down the Chinese on a domestic censorship issue,” said Mr. Roy, a former United States ambassador to China.
“我不知道他们在打什么算盘，”J.Stapleton Roy是位于美国华盛顿的著名智库——伍德罗-威尔逊国际研究中心内的基辛格中美研究所主管，亦是前驻华大使，“他们以为靠炒作反对网络审查这种手法就能迫使中国人低头，我不清楚他们如何得出这个结论的。”
Google called the move sensible and said it hoped to keep its sales, research and other operations in China.
谷歌认为这种暂时避避风头的方式还是比较明智的，它同时声明希望能继续保留其在中国的包括交易，研究等业务。
But some of those other businesses quickly came under pressure. China Mobile, the biggest cellular communications company in China and one of Google’s earliest partners in its foray into smartphones, was expected to cancel a deal that had placed Google’s search engine on its mobile Web home page. Millions of people use the page daily. In interviews, business executives close to industry officials said China Mobile was planning to scrap the deal under government pressure, although it had yet to find a replacement.
但是那些其余项目的进程则立马遭到压制。中国移动，这个谷歌进军中国的引路人、国内最大的无线蜂窝技术通信公司，被认为其将采取措施中断与谷歌的一项商业合作——将谷歌的搜索引擎内置于公司出品的智能手机的主页上，如果成功的话，将有数百万人每天能浏览到这个网页。公司制造部门的商业主管在接受采访时表示，尽管他们已经找到个替代方案，但在政府的施压下，中国移动被迫摒弃这个合作计划。
Similarly, China’s second-largest mobile company, China Unicom, was said by analysts and others to have delayed or scrapped the imminent introduction of a cellphone based on Google’s Android platform. One popular Web portal, Tom.com, already ceased using Google to power its search engine. The company is controlled by Li Ka-shing, the Hong Kong billionaire who has close ties to the Chinese government.
同样，分析师和消息灵通人士指出中国的第二大无线通信公司，中国联通，欲延迟甚或取消将要发布的新款配备谷歌Android（类似WINDOWS的操作系统）的移动电话。另外，著名的门户网站Tom.com已经停止使用谷歌引擎来完善他们的搜索系统，而拥有这家网站公司的老板正是李嘉诚，这个香港亿万富翁与中国政府有着千丝万缕关系。
Technology analysts and the business executives said Google might also face problems in keeping its advertising sales force, which is crucial to the success of its Chinese language service on PCs and mobile phones.
技术分析员与商业主管们认为谷歌面临的另外一个问题是如何在广告促销方面保持健康运转，毕竟这对其在电脑和手机上的中文服务的成功与否是至关重要的。
In an interview on Tuesday, David Drummond, Google’s chief legal officer, said he did not see the company’s decision to serve Chinese search customers from outside China as an act of defiance. He said the move was consistent with Chinese law and with the company’s goal to stop participating in censorship. While it is possible that Google’s prospects in China could suffer, the company has yet to see any concrete business impact from its decision, he said.
谷歌的首席法律顾问David Drummond周二接受采访时称，他不认为从中国大陆境外向内地用户提供这种服务是挑衅行为。他表示这种转移只是在于遵守中国法律与争取网络自由，反对审查这个公司终极理想之间取舍之后的折中方案。就算谷歌因为这个风波在中国的前景可能会变得不是很乐观，公司仍然诚心争取并欢迎那些有建设性的意见及业务往来。
“We certainly expected that if we take a stand around censorship that the government doesn’t like that it would have an impact on our business,” Mr. Drummond said. “We understood that as a possibility.”
“我们确实斟酌过如果我们在网络审查方面的立场与中国政府意见相左，我们的生意会受到一定影响，”Drummond先生继续，“我们考虑过它的可能性。”
But Mr. Drummond said that over time, Google would benefit from taking a principled stand in China and elsewhere. “It is good for our business to push for free expression,” he said.
但是Drummond先生认为，随着时间的推移，谷歌在中国（或者其他什么地方）顶住压力反对审查，其坚持原则所塑造的品牌形象最终将使公司笑到最后。“坚持表达自由的价值观将给我们的事业添上光彩的一笔。”他总结道。
Several analysts suggested that the government could shut down the company’s Chinese search service entirely by blocking access to Google’s mainland address, google.cn, or to its Hong Kong Web site, google.com.hk, though that had not happened as of Tuesday.
多位分析师呼吁政府将谷歌位于中国境内的所有服务全部封杀并且屏蔽它在内地的域名google.cnn和香港google.com.hk，但是这种情况并没有在周二发生。
Users who went to google.cn were automatically being sent to google.com.hk. Google’s search engine in Hong Kong provides results in the simplified Chinese characters that mainland Chinese use. Chinese in Hong Kong use the traditional characters, which can contain more strokes and are more difficult to read and write. Government firewalls either disabled searches for highly objectionable terms completely or blocked links to certain results. That had typically been the case before Google’s action, only now millions more visitors were liable to encounter the disrupted access to an uncensored site.
那些谷歌用户在输入google.cn的时候将被自动导航到google.com.hk。谷歌在香港的搜索引擎将为大陆用户提供简体中文识别，而在香港的用户将继续使用繁琐的繁体中文输入。政府的防火墙不是屏蔽那些真相帖子就是查无此文，完全倒退到了谷歌声明之前的状态，结果就是，比起之前只多出数百万用户能够浏览到没有被审查过的网站内容。
Some China experts say they were perplexed by Google’s handling of the crisis, given its stated goals of keeping business operations in China.
一些大陆的专家对于谷歌在这次危机中的一些操作感到困惑，尤其是当谷歌作出继续留在中国发展的决定之后。
David M. Lampton, director of China Studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, said it was not surprising for China to balk at the idea of an American company using Hong Kong, and China’s own “one country, two systems” policy, as a way around censorship.
约翰霍普金斯大学高级国际关系学中国系主任David M.Lampton 表示，中国政府对一家合理利用香港的地位和“一国两制”政策避开了审查制度的美国公司的计划进行的刁难和妨碍都属预料之中。
“That would be seen as fundamentally politically subversive in China,” Mr. Lampton said. “I am not sure whether it was an attempt by Google to give the Chinese a way out, but instead it magnified the political controversy.”
“这种行为在中国将被视为‘蓄意颠覆政权’，”Lampton先生继续分析，“我不能肯定地解读这是不是谷歌试图给中国政府的一个台阶或是释放的一种善意，但是它显然引发并扩大了政治层面上的争议。”
Others said Google’s move also put Chinese authorities in a difficult situation, as the government might be wary of agitating loyal Google users in China, who tend to be highly educated and vocal.
另外有观点认为谷歌的这次转移使中国政府骑虎难下，担心国内那些收过高等教育，在社会上占主流阶层的谷歌铁杆用户（精英）会受到刺激和煽动。
“To block Google entirely is not necessarily a desirable outcome for the government,” said Mark Natkin, managing director of Marbridge Consulting, a technology research firm in Beijing. “It’s going to boil down to whether authorities feel it is acceptable for users to be redirected to that site without having to figure it out themselves.”
“对政府来说，最好的结果并不是把谷歌彻底封杀，”在北京Marbridge 咨询公司从事商务技术研究的常务董事Mark Natkin说，“归纳起来就是一句话，政府对过滤与没过滤的消息都一样处理——不会有关于他们自己的真相揭示或者评论。”
The potential loss of cellphone search customers could prove particularly painful over time, analysts say. As on PCs, Google makes money on mobile phones when people click on its ads. If carriers like China Mobile and China Unicom remove Google as their principal mobile search service, it could cut Google’s mobile business.
分析指出，随着时间的流逝，在手机制造领域的关闭及客户的流失对谷歌的打击是相当大的。而在计算机方面，谷歌公司主要通过在手机上刊登广告链接来汲取资金。如果这次中国移动和中国联通将谷歌的服务从他们的主打品牌上取消的话，对谷歌来说也是不小的一笔损失。
Also, the spread of Android phones, which is just beginning in China, was meant by Google to ensure the availability of its services like search and maps on smartphones. Yet this month, Motorola replaced Google’s search on Android phones in China with Bing, Microsoft’s rival service, because of the uncertainty surrounding Google’s fate in the country.
另外，随着装有谷歌制作的Android操作系统的手机在中国越来越普及，谷歌本有希望推广其在该智能手机上的搜索和地图功能，抢占该市场。然而从这个月开始，摩托罗拉考虑到谷歌在中国的晦涩不明的前景，已经开始将该机型中谷歌的搜索功能全部撤下，取而代之以微软的搜索软件Bing。
Estimates from analysts and some Google insiders put the company’s annual revenue in China at $300 million to $600 million, a small fraction of Google’s nearly $24 billion in annual sales. But investors were counting on that strategically important business to grow rapidly.
分析师与内部人士评估指出，谷歌在中国的年利润在3亿至6亿美元之间，只占公司全年240亿美元收入的很少一部分。但经过计算和调查发现，从战略上看来，这种投资（对中国的）一般都会迅速升值。
“Having that potential is worth quite a bit to investors,” said Ben Schachter, an analyst with Broadpoint AmTech. Google shares have lost nearly 6 percent of their value since the company said in January that it might pull out of China. During the same period, the Nasdaq 100 index rose by nearly 5 percent.
“这些无形资产对投资者来说很有吸引力。”来自产业研究机构的分析师Ben Schachter的观点。谷歌的股价自一月份号称要离开中国以来下跌了6%，而与此同时，纳斯达克100指数则上涨了将近5个百分点。
For his part, Sergey Brin, a Google founder and its president of technology, on Monday held out the possibility that some day Google and China would patch up their differences.
最后谈谈Sergey Brin，这个谷歌创建者之一，目前公司的技术总监，于周一表达了他的想法，他期望终有一天谷歌能与中国冰释前嫌。
“Perhaps we can return to serving mainland China in the future,” he said.
“或许在不远的将来的可以再一次到内地对大家说，“他表示， “我胡汉三又回来了！” | 
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