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Posted: April 15, 2010 11:08 AM
To Die With Dignity in Your Own Land: Tibet, China, and the Politics of Disaster
The Tibetans that died in Jyekundo had the right to die as Tibetans, not as Chinese.
Josh Schrei
The tragic 6.9 magnitude earthquake that struck Jyekundo yesterday has been consistently labeled the "China Quake" by the mainstream media. It is worth noting, for many reasons, that Jyekundo is firmly planted in what was formerly Tibet and the vast majority of the victims are Tibetan.
Jyekundo is part of historic Tibet's Kham province. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, control over Kham and the wide, sparsely populated region of Amdo vacillated between Chinese and Muslim warlords and the Tibetan government in Lhasa. Finally, after a period of Tibetan independence, Kham was invaded and occupiedby the People's Liberation Army along with the rest of Tibet in 1950. The entire region was divided by the government of the People's Republic of China into its current provinces in 1965, but years of occupation and the migration of Han Chinese west into Tibetan provinces have not diminished this region's Tibetan identity. Even China refers to the area as a "Tibetan area," and the particular prefecture -- Yushu -- is 97% Tibetan.
When Chinese state media refers to "Qinghai province," the vast majority of what they are referring to -- outside of the city of Xining, which holds 66% of the provinces population -- is historically Tibet.
The people of this rugged, mountainous region have always been fiercely nationalistic. From the mid-1950s through the 1970s Kham-pas and Amdo-wa formed the brunt of resistance to Chinese rule. Contrary to the popular view of Tibetans as passives, the Chushi Gangdrukwarriors were anything but. They fought a longstanding guerrilla war against the Chinese, only laying down their weapons when directly asked to by the Dalai Lama. Many of these warriors were executed along with their families; many more committed suicide rather than face Chinese rule; and many others escaped into exile, where they still live.
Most of this history is lost on or ignored by reporters and politicians. Both CNN and BBC coverage of the quake makes little or no mention of the victims as Tibetan. No media outlets have mentioned the region's historic independence. In most of the coverage, Tibetan names have been Sinocized and Xinhua, China's state propaganda apparatus, has been quoted as the primary source. Hillary Clinton, in a brief statement of condolence yesterday, made absolutely no mention of the word Tibet, stating instead that "our thoughts and prayers are with... all the people of China." By contrast, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a long time supporter of Tibetan rights, made sure to reference the victims as Tibetan.
A tragedy is, of course, a tragedy, beyond any political and historical squabbling. But the political and historical backdrop to this horrible quake is important, as it informs how events will take shape over the days to come. As Lindsey Hilsum reported on World News Blog, the fact that this disaster took place in historic Tibet makes it not just a disaster, but an issue of extreme political sensitivity for China. This is a region that does not look favorably on Chinese rule. It is a region that saw widespread independence protests in 2008, including the takeover a Chinese police station by Tibetan protesters mounted on horseback. And the last thing the Chinese government wants is to bring any international attention to this restive area or give the local people any further reason to protest.
Public gatherings are banned in this part of Tibet, and from all on the ground reports it is already clear that the Chinese soldiers that have been trucked in Jyekundo are there to serve two purposes. They are there to help remove victims from the rubble, and they are also there to make sure that Tibetans -- homeless and freezing and distraught -- do not begin to demonstrate or make political statements. Wen Jiaobao, when outlining the plan for disaster relief yesterday, made sure to mention that efforts were being made to "safeguard social stability." In other disaster areas, this would translate as preventing looting and crime. In Jyekundo, it means preventing the locals from political agitation. As of yesterday, Tibetan monks and PLA soldiers were unified in their efforts to rescue schoolchildren from the quake's rubble; but more monks are on the way from neighboring monasteries, and the more days go by in which Tibetans are forced by circumstance to live in miserable conditions under the watchful eye of the PLA soldiers whom they already despise, it is highly likely Jyekundo will turn into a powder keg. And that's when China will kill the switch on any shred of media openness.
A few international reporters made their way to the quake site early and have been allowed to report relatively unimpeded. But reports have already started that access is being limited. Minnie Chan from South China Morning Post stated that the PRC has issued a ban on reporters traveling to the region. And, as the New Yorker posted yesterday, the Chinese government propaganda apparatus has quickly sought to control exactly how the story of the Jyekundo quake is told, limiting results on the state-sanctioned search engine and continually and relentlessly referring to the the quake as the "China quake" and the victims as Chinese.
This amounts to a second tragedy to this tragedy -- the death of the true story. Quite simply, the people of Jyekundo are not Chinese. They are Tibetan. And the Tibetans that died in Jyekundo had the right to die as Tibetans and not Chinese. They had -- and have -- the right to have their story told correctly and justly. It is a story of a fiercely independent people, of nomads and warriors, herders and farmers, tradesmen and monks, and artisans and craftsmen. It is a story of a people invaded -- not liberated -- by an occupying force and of two generations under foreign occupation. It is a story of a people who struggled to maintain their Buddhist faith and their cultural traditions during the horror and mass starvation of the cultural revolution, who picked up arms and then were silenced, and who have borne the weight and humiliation of occupation with what can only be called grace. The victims of Jyekundo were and are a distinct people. They are not Chinese, they are Tibetan, and they had a right to die with dignity, in their own land.
Our responsibility, the responsibility of those who can -- with very little effort -- find the truth to this story, is to tell it.
Follow Josh Schrei on Twitter: [url]www.twitter.com/brooklynjosh[/url]
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Comments :
+ ramaluk I'm a Fan of ramaluk I'm a fan of this user permalink
Minor quibble - the incident in the linked video occurred in Gansu, near Machu if memory serves me. I know that does not really affect your analysis, but I thought you were trying to draw attention to Yushu's particular history, not re-write it.
Other details you might have mentioned would be the significance of newly rebuilt (or in the case of Jyeku monastery, partially rebuilt) monasteries being reduced to rubble once again.
The role of the reinvigorated sangha seems apparent from their involvement in the relief efforts. But I I imagine Beijing also enjoys the illusion of ethnic harmony that their juxtaposition with PLA soldiers creates for the Chinese viewer.
Many of the victims are likely to be new residents of Trindu ("Chengduo") and Jyekundo ("Jiegu Town"), relocated under recent policies that aim to depopulate the grasslands. http://www.hrw.org/ru/news/2007/06/09/china-tibetan-herders-livelihood-jeopardy
I noticed that you did not mention how poor infrastructure has hampered the response to the disaster. I suspect that you are not the biggest fan of roads and railways linking major Chinese population centers to areas of Tibet.
How do you recommend that readers respond to this horrific disaster? Americans donated generously to the Sichuan quake relief effort. Would you advise Americans to do the same for Yushu? If so, how?
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Flag as abusive Posted 11:40 PM on 4/17/2010
- + Thomas Henry Pope I'm a Fan of Thomas Henry Pope I'm a fan of this user permalink
Excellent Josh. A rare posting getting to the heart of the matter. I have be to Jyekundo and the only Chinese there are the imported overlords, business owners and the military. For too long the media have followed the lead/dictum of Western governments, bent on avoiding confrontation and disconnection from with Chinese economic nipple. The media can afford to demonstrate independence from their own governments; that will be the best message they/we can send.
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Flag as abusive Posted 12:12 AM on 4/17/2010
- + borschtblue I'm a Fan of borschtblue I'm a fan of this user permalink
Hail to you Josh!! I am so happy to see someone put this down and tell it true! Nothing more to say except that I agree with everything you have stated here. Thank you.
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Flag as abusive Posted 08:19 AM on 4/16/2010
- + Yeshi Chozom I'm a Fan of Yeshi Chozom I'm a fan of this user permalink
I agree completely with you, Josh. I appreciate your telling the truth about this shameful media manipulation. This earthquake took place in Tibet and the victims are Tibetans, not Chinese.
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Flag as abusive Posted 05:01 PM on 4/16/2010
- + Dknight99 I'm a Fan of Dknight99 I'm a fan of this user permalink
If Quebec had an earthquake today, would we call the victims Quebecois and not French Canadians? After all, the French colonized those lands first and they were Quebecois. Is Quebec a Canadian province? It is.
How about Hawaii? It was a soveriegn state until it was annexed by the Americans and their queen forced out. If a volcano erupted and many Hawaiians were killed, would we think of them as just Hawaiians and not Americans?
How about African Americans who were brought to America in chains and forced into servitudes? Are they Americans or are they Africans? Were they not oppressed too? They too worked hard to gain equal standing in today's America. Yet even a sixty years ago, Blacks were not allowed to ride in the front of the bus.
There are so many things in the world that are dividing human beings from one another. Only in times of great crisis do people come together. As Mr. Schrei wrote, the PLA soldiers are working side by side with Tibetan monks to help. Why stir the pot and cause division rather than mutual understanding? Is a name worth further bloodshed? Haven't the Chinese and the Tibetan people suffered enough in the last hundred years?
More importantly can't a Tibetan be a Chinese? Or a Chinese be a Tibetan?
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Flag as abusive Posted 08:07 PM on 4/15/2010
- + Josh Schrei - Huffpost Blogger I'm a Fan of Josh Schrei I'm a fan of this user 104 fans permalink
See Josh Schrei's Profile
If the Chinese treated Tibetans with respect and dignity and honored any commitment to human rights it would be one thing. But that is not the case. In the case the labeling of Tibetans by Chinese state media is not a show of brotherhood, it is furthering an agenda. So therefore, no, Tibetans cannot and will not be regarded as Chinese lest their culture dissappear forever. 'can't we all just get along' is a nice vision, but it requires action on both sides. China is the occupier. To ask the occupied to simply 'be ok with it' is not going to happen in reality.
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Flag as abusive Posted 09:24 AM on 4/16/2010
- + Javed Shah I'm a Fan of Javed Shah I'm a fan of this user permalink
Quebec issue- you have conveniently forgotten that the Natives were the original displaced people.
African American's issue with the Tibetan issue simply put its apple's and oranges..
Hawaii issue President Grover Cleveland administration found the overthrow of the queen illegal. President Clinton and the Congress have apologized for US actions. Furthermore Hawaiians have accepted being a part of the US.So there.
Tibetans original displaced people and haven't accepted Chinese sovereignty over their territory.
Chinese tibetan Chinese..? Occupied become occupiers and occupied ?
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Flag as abusive Posted 11:24 PM on 4/16/2010
- + varahi I'm a Fan of varahi I'm a fan of this user permalink
Thank you for bringing this to light for people. I can't help but feel very concerned about the coming days and what the Chinese government has instore for Gyekundo and its people. On the bright side having visited there is 1998 I was encouraged to hear that the Tibetan population is still in the majority.
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Flag as abusive Posted 06:54 PM on 4/15/2010
- + Joe Hamilton I'm a Fan of Joe Hamilton I'm a fan of this user permalink
Josh...great article as always, but especially important in these very sad days. Our media..yes...OUR media has gone from buying the chinese lie to selling it !
Love and respect to all the innocent victims of this tragedy, Tibetan and chinese alike.
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Flag as abusive Posted 05:28 PM on 4/15/2010
- + pmcguinness I'm a Fan of pmcguinness I'm a fan of this user 6 fans permalink
Thank you Josh for writing this article. We need to continue referring to this earthquake as a Tibetan earthquake, the people most affected by it as Tibetans and the affected areas by their Tibetan names. If the mainstream media and heads of state won't recognize these proud people as Tibetans then it's up to us to start the conversation about why they aren't doing so. Cheers!
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Flag as abusive Posted 03:08 PM on 4/15/2010
- + Camis I'm a Fan of Camis I'm a fan of this user permalink
Thank you so much for this. FINALLY, an article that acknowledges the political, ethnic, and cultural reality of this situation. The earthquake happened in Tibet. Tibetans around the world, there and in exile, are suffering profoundly, and the very least we can do is recognize this fact. You have done this here and you may never even know how many of us are grateful for it.
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Flag as abusive Posted 03:01 PM on 4/15/2010
- + Jamie J Delman I'm a Fan of Jamie J Delman I'm a fan of this user 13 fans permalink
I sent this article to Giovanni & asked him to post it. I have no access to Facebook at the moment.
Can you post this article on my wall, Camis? Also, you can send me an email. Tashi Delek!
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Flag as abusive Posted 06:59 PM on 4/15/2010
- + zoksang I'm a Fan of zoksang I'm a fan of this user permalink
Hi Josh,
Thanks for your brilliant and powerful article. Sadly, the International mainstream media failed to report accurately about the land and the people..
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Flag as abusive Posted 02:23 PM on 4/15/2010
- + Jamie J Delman I'm a Fan of Jamie J Delman I'm a fan of this user 13 fans permalink
Thank you so much for this article. As of yet, and believe me I have searched, this is the only piece to address this issue. All ,media outlets need to report on the facts - this earthquake occurred in Tibet,
to Tibetans.
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Flag as abusive Posted 12:55 PM on 4/15/2010
- + Chimi Thonden I'm a Fan of Chimi Thonden I'm a fan of this user 5 fans permalink
Josh, once again you've so eloquently captured the quiet outrage of this situation. Thank you.
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Flag as abusive Posted 12:41 PM on 4/15/2010
- + Khalena I'm a Fan of Khalena I'm a fan of this user permalink
Dear Josh,
Thank you so much for writing this article. It has moved me deeply. The Tibetans have the right to die in dignity and as Tibetans, not Chinese. Please keep writing.
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Flag as abusive Posted 12:13 PM on 4/15/2010
- + sandalwood I'm a Fan of sandalwood I'm a fan of this user permalink
I wonder what the stats are for Chinese people turning towards Buddhism. Anybody know?
As for China, it loses soft power by the day.
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Flag as abusive Posted 11:52 AM on 4/15/2010
- + Camis I'm a Fan of Camis I'm a fan of this user permalink
I believe many people in China are already Buddhists and have been for thousands of years.
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Flag as abusive Posted 03:04 PM on 4/15/2010
- + Camis I'm a Fan of Camis I'm a fan of this user permalink
that didn't come out right... Buddhism has been in China for thousands of years.
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Flag as abusive Posted 03:17 PM on 4/15/2010
- + Thomas Henry Pope I'm a Fan of Thomas Henry Pope I'm a fan of this user permalink
Such stats would be held as government secrets, as any affiliation other than being 'Chinese' (one of the 64 ethnic groupings China lays claim to) is potentially subversive activity. We do know of communities of Han Chinese that have been physically dismantled and disbanded by the army, including bulldozing, when their devotion to practice and wisdom has been seen to exceed their obligations of loyalty to the state. The practice of Buddhism is quickened by the respect and ability of teachers to teach. THAT is not happening in China--the areas east of the former Tibet, even though many Chinese might hold that they are Buddhists. This region of China has been one of the more fortunate areas, as teachers have been allowed to teach other Tibetans. My fear is that this tragedy will facilitate China's aims to turn the tide on that for Yushu province as they have in every other area they have been able to enter fully.
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