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Chinese Government's policy for the Dalai Lama is way far off what the Dalai Lama demands. On July 28, 1981 when Hu Yaobang met Gyalo Thondup, he announced the "Five Guidelines" for the Dalai Lama: 1. Our country has sustained long term stability and economic prosperity, all the ethnic groups should unite and cooperate to enhance this new era. The Dalai Lama and his followers are intelligent and should believe it. Otherwise, they can observe a few years more. 2. The Dalai Lama and his envoy in touch with us should be sincere and not playing hide and seek or as if we are doing business negotiations. We should muddle ourselves in past history, i.e. what happened in 1959. Let's forget about it. 3. We are sincere to welcome the Dalai Lama and his followers to return and settle, with the objective that he will support the unity of our country, enhance the unity of Tibetans with Hans nation and other ethnic groups, and contribute to the Four Modernization. 4. Should the Dalai Lama return and settle, his political status and living conditions will be the same as prior to 1959. The Party's Central Committee can nominate him as Vice Chairperson to the National People's Congress. He'd better not return to Tibet, nor take up any position in Tibet. Of course he can make frequent visit to Tibet. 5. It's up to the Dalai Lama as to when he returns. He can make a brief press release, the content of which is up to him to decide. (35)
Hu's message was for external (audiences). On October 2, 1984, T.A.R. Party Committee published the policy guidelines of the Central Government towards the Dalai Lama for internal reference. The main contents were: 1. As Dalai flee the country, he launched "Tibetan Independence" abroad, and spread a lot of misrepresentation. He undermined interest of his country and the Tibetans. He also ruined his name. 2. We will continue to work with him, and try to make him turn around for the better. Those of his followers willing to return to their homeland, we would welcome them all. For those who settled for good, we would facilitate them properly. For those who again wanted to leave, we would see them off with courtesy. We would welcome for their early return, and wait if they delayed it. We would try our best to convince them if they decided not to come back, but would object to any separatism. 3. Central Government's Five Guidelines for the Dalai Lama remained unchanged. 4. Tibet is an inseparable part of the People's Republic of China. Independence in whole or in part shall not be permissible. The "9 guiding principles" for Taiwan (poster's note: i.e. "One Country, Two System") is not applicable to Tibet. Tibet and Taiwan are both inseparable part of China, but there is a big distinction. Tibet, being an autonomous region under the governance of the Central Government, was liberated for over 30 years, with democratic and socialistic reform in practice, and the old system (theocracy) abandoned. U.S. tries to induce "One China One Taiwan", still there are some who tries for "One China, One Taiwan One Tibet". These are absolutely not permissible, neither is "Greater Tibet Autonomy Region" realistic or possible. 5. The Dalai Group, with their hidden intention, repeatedly suggested to send young intellects abroad back to Tibet to teach (poster's notes: teaching Tibetan language). Our answer is: they are welcome to come back to work, but they must admit they are Chinese, agree to be assigned, and be prepared to stay for long term. (poster's notes: The Dalai Group dropped this idea once they learned the requirement for Tibetan teachers to admit themselves being Chinese.) 6. Negotiation doe not exist between the Central Government and the Dalai Lama. (36)
Perhaps realising prohibiting the Dalai Lama's residence in Tibet being too strong in Hu Yaobang's "Five Guidelines", Zhao Ziyang amended and expressed on a press conference during the National People's Congress on April 4, 1988 that, "There is no change to the Central Government's Five Guidelines with respect to the policy toward the Dalai Lama made explicit previously. What is the prerequisite for the Dalai Lama to return to China, to return to Tibet? There is only one which is he must denounce any engagement in Tibet Independence, admit Tibet is part of China, and fend for and strengthen China's unity together with all brothers from ethnic groups throughout China, and work together for a socialist China and socialist Tibet. This is the only condition. With this condition, his political status after returning to China: as a National People's Congress Vice Chairperson been stipulated by the Central Government. As for his residence, according to our Constitution, any citizen shall have the freedom to live where he/she wants. He can reside in Beijing or Tibet as he wishes, but the foregoing condition must be fulfilled. If he now accepts the terms in hope of coming back to continue separatism movement, we cannot agree to that. Therefore, if he insists in independence, insists on separatism, then the foregoing shall hold no more. When there isn't a foundation for discussion, then there is nothing worth discussing." (37)
CCP used to proclaim: "Only Socialism can save Tibet." Should the Dalai Lama be allowed to return to Tibet and practise "One Country, Two Systems", wouldn't it imply Socialism is useless for Tibet, and then further jeopardizing the claim "Only Socialism can save China"? (Hong Kong has been under Capitalism, allowing it another 50 years of Capitalism is not a problem for CCP). When CCP refused to let him returning to Tibet with "One Country, Two Systems" but just a mere position as Vice Chairperson to the National People's Congress, backed by foreign powers, how can the Dalai Lama possibly accept the offer? It was unrealistic and naive for CCP 's attempt to "lure" him. The result was practically giving in to the Dalai Lama, making him more arrogant and proud. It also give local Tibetans an impression that "CCP was afraid of the Dalai Lama", causing them to worship him more. The Dalai Lama actually has nothing in his pocket, he has everything to gain, but nothing to lose. CCP has Tibet under its governance, if negotiating with the Dalai Lama, it has nothing to gain, but only something to lose. Such simple reasoning, but CCP did not realize.
It was strange that when the Dalai Lama spoke on August 11, 1993 pulling back from "Five Point Peace Plan" and "Strasbourg Proposals", when China's Ambassador to India was prepared to meet him, and when the Dalai Lama expressed he was "very optimistic" , he suddenly suspended contact with the Chinese Government unilaterally, and shut the door for negotiation. (38). Nobody knows why till know. I think perhaps the Tibetan Government-in-exile after hearing the Dalai Lama's foregoing conversation, feared that he would actually recognize China's sovereignty over Tibet and reach agreement with CCP, and they just abruptly halt the liaison with the Chinese Government. The Tibetan Government-in-exile had been controlled by "young Tibetans", who either born in India or left Tibet at the age of 10 or younger, that have no personal experience with Tibet natural environment or community. They have no idea that Tibet cannot be independent politically or economically, but they have been fed by the Dalai Lama's misrepresentation such as "Tibet has always been an independent country", "China killed 1.2 million Tibetans". Having been stuffed with freedom, democracy, self-determination, independence and hatred towards China in their mind, they definitely would not allow the Dalai Lama to come into agreement with the Chinese Government. The Dalai Lama was collecting his bitter harvest from the seeds of hatred he sowed, and became hostage of the Tibetans in-exile that he brood. It was also possible that Western Human Rights advocates worried the Dalai Lama reached agreement with the Chinese Government, and instruct the "Tibetan Government-in-exile" to cut the liaison with the Chinese Government to prevent the Dalai Lama from negotiation. Thus, the Dalai Lama also became the hostage of the foreign masters whom he had turned. Therefore, it was not the Chinese Government obstructing negotiations, but the Dalai Lama's own followers or forces at their back.
It is more peculiar that despite Dalai camp unilaterally closed the door for discussion, the Dalai Lama continuously and persistently called upon the Chinese Government for dialogue, and repeated over and over again that all he wanted was autonomy, not independence, that he was willing to accept the "Middle Path" and "One Country, Two Systems". For example, June 6, 1994, he told Chen Wangwei, a reporter from Central Daily News that he was willing to accept "One Country, Two Systems" with China responsible for defence and foreign affairs of Tibet. (39) In his visit to Taiwan in March 1997, he also said he did not want independent. (40) After Hong Kong's return to China on July 1, 1997, he remarked again, he saw from "One Country, Two Systems" the solution to Tibet issue. (41) At the same time, he continued lecturing around the World, trying his best to publicize that Tibet has always been an independent country, criticizing China migration to Tibet, genocide of Tibet culture, killing 1.2 million Tibetans etc. He even called to hold a referendum by Tibetans in determining Tibet's future. (42) --- of course, the Tibet he referred to means the "Greater Tibet". By putting aside the fact the over half of the total population in the "Greater Tibet" consisted of 17 non-Tibetan ethnic groups, and only allowing Tibetans to vote for the future of Tibet, this is such a calculating and vicious mind. If the future of Northern Ireland could be decided by the Catholic there alone, Northern Ireland had been independent or joined Ireland already. If the future of Quebec lies on the vote of the French descends alone, Quebec would have been independent as well. However, this is permitted neither by international law nor international public opinion. The Dalai Lama wanted to deprive the voting right of those people of 17 non-Tibetan ethnic groups, over half of the total population, that have inhibited in the "Greater Tibet" region since ancient time – what a autocratic dictatorship and violation of human rights unheard of. |
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楼主: softfun
狗仔卡
发表于 2008-5-30 07:13
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