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发表于 2009-12-15 15:21
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(再考证亚洲人历史上美的概念。Waterhouse先考证印度 “美” 一词的起源,认为是不与西方的对应的美的意思:)
though, it happens that Sanskrit rasa, now usually translated "aesthetic experience" or sometimes "beauty", literally refers - to the taste of food, especially sap or the juice of fruit, (45) and so is curiously reminiscent of our parable from Genesis.
虽然,这个现在被翻译为“美”或审美经验的印度词汇Sanskrit rasa碰巧文字上提到果汁,所以还能使人想起我们的创世纪故事的比喻。
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The truth of this becomes apparent when we move out of the Indo-European sphere. The editors of a recent anthology of traditional texts on Chinese painting observe:
In studying these translations, the reader will immediately notice that the concept of "beauty" does not figure in Chinese aesthetic con-cerns. Instead, is a vocabulary reflecting a Chinese system of natural philosophy.(51)
这个事实出了印欧范畴更明显。对中国古代咏画诗集的编辑注意到,在研究中心翻译时可以马上发现“美”在中国人的审美考虑中没有意义。反而是一套反应中国自然哲学体系的词汇。
Any one who is familiar with the Chinese material will recognise the truth of this remark. The Chinese term for aesthetics, meixue ( ) , "the study of beauty", is a recent coinage, which I take to be borrowed from Japanese bigaku (written with the same characters). In turn, bigaku (originally shimbigaku ) is an early Meiji word, invented as a translation of German Asthetik, and English aesthetics (52). Karlgren interpreted the original graph for the character meaning "beautiful" as "a man with a head adornment in the form of ram's horns".(53) More recent epigraphers regard it as a headdress adorned with beautiful feathers (54); but for our purposes the outcome is the same - that which Eve (seeing it worn by Adam) would have called "pleasant to the sight". In contrast, the native Japanese word utsukushi, normally translated as "beautiful" or "Pretty", seems to have been used originally to characterise the c1oseness of the feelings of affection in a nuclear family.(55)
每一个熟悉中国资料的都会发现这点。中国术语“美学”是一个我认为日文bigaku的翻版。然后,日文bigaku是一个meiji时期的日本词汇,是由德文和英文的“美学”一词翻译来的。Karlgren认为德文中的最早的美字看着象一个带着羊角型头饰的人。更近期的研究认为那看起来是一个有美丽羽毛的头饰。不管看着象什么,对我们的研究目的来说结果是一样- 这是一个夏娃看见亚当戴着会称之为“悦目”。与之相反,日本的土著语言utsukushi,一般翻译做“美”或者“漂亮”,似乎最初是被用来描述一个核心家庭的亲近的感情。
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Meanwhile, the shopworn epithet "beautiful", which we can safely identify as a European concept, describing certain qualities in Western art, may yet be applied informally, and objectively, to characterise a piece of Buddhist sculpture, for example, which exhibits the same or similar qualities; but it should be acknowledged that in using it we may be extending the meaning of the concept, and possibly creating further confusion about it. (Compare our earlier remarks about "race".)
而同时,如果我们用老掉牙的“美”,这个我们可以安全地甄别为欧洲概念,用来描述西方艺术的某些特点的概念,来描述似乎显示了相似的特点的菩萨雕塑,我们不得不承认,我们可能会制造混乱,延伸了这个概念的外延(对比前面我们关于种族的讨论)。 |
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