国学书库----- 现代人读《四书五经》---“论语”

ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－色斯举矣


色斯举矣，翔而后集。曰，“山梁雌稚，时哉时哉！”子路共之，三嗅而作。
鸟见到人神色不善就飞了起来，盘旋飞翔后才落下来。孔子说，“这山梁上的稚野鸡，也真识时务啊！也懂得时机啊！”子路向它们拱拱手，它们屡次骇然惊顾，然后叫了几声就飞走了。
Startled,the bird flew away.After circling around for some time,it alighted again.
The Master said,"You female pheasant on the mountain bridge,how opportune you are!How opportune you are!"
Whereby Zi-lu cupped his hands to it;the bird thrice flapped its wings and soared.




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现代人读“论语”－升车


升车，必正立，执绥。车中不内顾，不疾言，不亲指。
孔子上了车，必定端正地站立，拉着扶手的绳索。在车上不回顾车内，不高声说话，不指指划划。
When mounting a carriage,he always stood upright,holding on to the rope.


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现代人读“论语”－见齐衰者


见齐衰者，虽狎，必变。见冕者与瞽者，虽亵，必以貌。凶服者式之。式负版者。有盛馔，必变色而作。迅雷风烈必变。

    孔子见到服丧的人，即使是亲近者，也必定要改变神色，肃然致哀。见到戴礼帽的人、盲人，即使是熟人，也必定礼貌相待。乘车遇上穿丧服的人就扶着轼致礼，为传送文书的人扶轼。有丰盛的菜肴，必定改变神情并站起身来致谢。遇上雷霆、大风，并定变色改容。

On seeing a man in mourning,even an intimate friend,he always changed his countenance.On seeing a man wearing a ceremonial hat or a blind man,even someone close to him,he always treated him with courtesy.
To a man in funeral attire,he would bend over the horizongtal bar of his carriage,so would he to a man in mourning apparel.
When there was sumptuous food,he always changed his countenance and rose.
When there was a sudden thunderclap or a howling wind,he always changed his countenance

ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－四海之内皆兄弟


司马牛忧曰，“人皆有兄弟，我独亡。”子夏曰，“商闻之矣，死生有命，富贵在天。君子敬而无失，与人恭而有礼，四海之内，皆兄弟也－君子何患乎兄弟也？”

司马牛忧伤地说，“别人都有兄弟，唯独我没有。”子夏说，“我听说，生死命运注定，富贵上天安排。君子谨慎而没有失误，待人谦恭而由礼节，四海之内皆有兄弟，君子何必担忧没有兄弟呢？”

Si-ma Niu sadly said,"Everyone else has brothers,I alone shall have none. "
Zi-xia said,"I heard it:’Death and life lie with Fate;wealth and rank rest upon Heaven.’If the gentleman conducts himself with reverence and does nothing amiss,if he treats others with respect and courtesy,all men within the four seas are his brothers.Why shoud the gentleman worry about having no brothers?"




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现代人读“论语”－浸润之谮


子张问明。子曰，“浸润之谮，肤受之愬，不行焉，可谓明也已矣。浸润之谮，肤受之愬，不行焉，可谓明也已矣。”
子张问什么是明察。孔子说，“对那些日积月累、点滴渐浸细渗的谗言、扑风捉影、利害切身得无高，你那里行不通，可说是明察了。对于那些日积月累、点滴渐浸细渗的谗言、扑风捉影、利害切身得无高，你那里行不通，可说是明察了。”
When Zi-zhang asked about clear-sightedness,the Master said,"When seeping slanders and skin-pricking accusations fail to prevail on you,you may be said to be clear-sighted.When seeping slanders and skin-pricking accusations fail to prevail on you,you may be said to be clear-sighted."




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现代人读“论语”－子贡问政


子贡问政。子曰，“足食，足兵，民信之矣。”
子贡曰，“必不得已而去，于斯三者何先？”曰，“去兵。”
子贡曰，“必不得已而去，于斯二者何先？”曰，“去食，自古皆有死，民无信不立。”
子贡询问政事。孔子说，“使粮食富足，使军备充实，人民就信任政府。”
子贡说，“迫不得已而去掉一项，在这三项中先放弃哪项？”孔子说，“去掉军备。”
子贡说，“迫不得已而去掉一项，在这二项中先放弃哪项？”孔子说，“去掉粮食。自古以来都有死亡，民众不信任就不能立国。”
When Zi-gong asked about government,the Master said,"Have ample food and ample armament and the people shall trust you."
Zi-gong said,"If it is absolutely necessary to cut one item,which of the three will you cut first?"
The Master said,"Cut armament."
Zi-gong said,"If it is absolutely necessary to cut another,which of the remaining two will you cut?"
The Master said,"Cut food.Since time immemorial,all men are subject to death.If the people do not trust you,you have nothing to stand on."

愚公

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ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－何以文为


棘子成曰，“君子质而已矣，何以文为？”子贡曰，“惜乎，夫子之说君子也！驷不及舌，质犹文也。虎豹之鞟犹犬羊之鞟。”
棘子成说，“君子质朴就行了，何必还要文彩呢？”子贡说，“可惜啊，先生的说法是不对的！一言既出驷马难追。如果文彩与质朴一样，质朴与文彩一样，那么虎豹皮去掉文采与去了毛的犬羊皮就没有什么区别了。”
Ji Zi-cheng said,"What the gentleman needs is simplicity,that is all.What does he need refinement for?"
Zi-gong said,"What a pity that Your Excellency should have made such a remark about the gentleman!Even a team of four horses cannot overtake the tongue.Refinement is as important as simplicity;simplicity is as important as refinement.The hide of a tiger or a panther stripped of its hair is not any different from that of a dog or a sheep stripped of its hair."



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现代人读“论语”－年饥


哀公问于有若曰，“年饥，用不足，如之何？”有若对曰，“盍彻乎？”曰，“二，吾犹不足，如之何其彻也？”对曰，“百姓足，君孰与不足，百姓不足，君孰与足？”
鲁哀公问有若，“年成不好，财政不足，怎么办呢？”有若答道，“何不按十分取一收税呢？”哀公答道，“十分取二分尚且不够，怎么能十分取一呢？”有若答道，“百姓富足，国君怎么会不足呢？百姓不足，国君怎么会富足呢？”
Duke Ai asked of You Ruo,"The year is lean,and revenues are not enough.What is to be done?"
You Ruo replied,"Why not introduce tithing?"
Duke Ai said,"Even two tenths is not enough is not enough for us.How could we manage with thing?"
You Ruo replied,"If the hundred family names have enough,how can the sovereign not have enough?If the people do not have enough,how can the sovereign have enough?"




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现代人读“论语”－子张问崇德辨惑


子张问崇德辨惑。子曰，“主忠信，徙义，崇德也。爱之欲其生，又欲其死，是惑也。‘诚不以富，亦袛以异’。”
子张询问如何提高德行、辨别疑惑，孔子说，“以忠诚守信为本，践行道义，就是提高德行。喜欢一个人，就想让他长寿，讨厌一个人，就想让他快死，既希望他生存又希望他死去，这就是迷惑。《诗经》说，‘确实不是因为他富有，只是因为见异思迁罢了。’”
When Zi-zhang asked how to elevate virtue and discern delusion,the Master said,"Keep wholehearted sincerity and truthfulness as your major principles,and move toward rightousness-this is evating virtue.Ehen you love someone,you wish him to live;when you loathe him,you wish him to die.Now you wish him to live;now you wish him to die.This is delusion.'If not for wealth,It can only be for novelty.'"

愚公

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ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－齐景公问政于孔子


齐景公问政于孔子。孔子对曰：“君君，臣臣，父父，子子。”公曰，“善哉！信如君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子，虽有粟，吾得而食诸？”


齐景公问孔子怎样治理国家。孔子答道，“国君的行为要符合国君的要求，臣子的行为要符合臣子的要求，父亲的行为要符合父亲的要求，儿子的行为要符合儿子的要求。”齐景公说，“说得好啊！要是真的国君的行为不符合国君的要求，臣子的行为不符合臣子的要求，父亲的行为不符合父亲的要求，儿子的行为不符合儿子的要求。即使有粮饷俸禄，我能来享用它吗？”


When Duke Jing og Qi asked the Master about government,the Master replied,"Let  a soverrign act like a sovereign,a miniseter like a minister,a farther like a farther and a son like a son."
The duke said,"Well said!If indeed a sovereign acts unlike a sovereign,a minister unlike a minister,a farther unlike a farther and a son unlike a son,even though there was millet,how could I get to eat it?"




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现代人读“论语”－片言


子曰，“片言可以折狱者，其由也与？”子路无宿诺。
孔子说，“能以一方的言辞就可以断案的人，大概只有由了吧？”子路从不拖延实现承诺。
The Master said,"The only one who can settle a lawsuit in a few words is perhaps Lou(Zi-lu)."
Zi-lu never slept over a promise





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现代人读“论语”－听讼


子曰，“听讼，吾犹人也。必也使无讼乎！”
孔子说，“审理诉讼，我和别人差不多。一定要使诉讼的事完全消灭才好。”
The Master said,"In hearing lawsuits,I may equal others.What is imperative,however,is to dispense with lawsuits."

ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－子张问政


子张问政。子曰，“居之无倦，行之以忠。”
子张问如何治理国家。孔子说，“任职不懈怠，办事讲忠信。”
When Zi-zhang asked about government,the Master said,"Hold it without weariness;execute it with loyalty."




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现代人读“论语”－博学于文



子曰，“博学于文，约之以礼，亦可以弗畔矣夫！”
孔子说，“君子广泛地学习典制，用礼仪来制约自己，也可以不背离大道了。”
The Master said,"He who is extensively learned in culture and restrains himself with the rituals is not likely to betray."




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现代人读“论语”－成人之美


子曰，“君子成人之美，不成人之恶，小人反是。”
孔子说，“一个有道德的人成全他人的好事，不促成他人的坏事，小人则正好相反。”
The Master said,"The gentleman helps others achieve their good ends;he does not help them achieve their evil ends.The small does the opposite."

ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－季康子问政于孔子


季康子问政于孔子。孔子对曰，“政者，正也。子帅以正，孰敢不正？”
季康子向孔子问起为政之道。孔子回答，“政这字意思就是正。你率先端正自己，依正道而行，谁还敢不端正呢？”
When Ji Kang-zi asked Master Kong about government,the Master replied,"Government means correctness.If you take the lead in being correct,sir,who dares remain incorrect?"




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现代人读“论语”－季康子患盗



季康子患盗，问于空子。孔子对曰，“苟子之不欲，虽赏之不窃。”
季康子苦于盗贼太多，向孔子请教。孔子对他说，“假使你没有贪欲，哪怕是奖励下面的人偷盗，他们也不会干的。”
Ji Kang-zi was troubled by theft.When he consulted he the Master,the Master replied,"Sir,if you are not lustful,even though you shuold reward them,they would not steal."





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现代人读“论语”－杀无道


季康子问政于孔子曰，“如杀无道，以就有道，何如？”孔子对曰，“子为政，焉用杀？子欲善而民善矣。君子值德凤，小人之德草，草上之风，必偃。”
季康子向孔子请教怎样治理国政，他说，“如果杀掉无道的人，成就有道的人，怎么样？”孔子回答说，“您执掌国政，哪能一定用杀人的办法呢？您想做好事，老百姓就会跟着做好事了。君子德的型好比是风，小人德的型好比是草，风吹到草上，草必顺风倒。”
Ji Kang-zi asked the Master about government,saying,"If I kill those who have lost the Way and to move closer to those who posses the Way-what do you think of it?"
The Master replied,"Sir,in conducting government,why must you resort to killing?If you desire goodness,the people will be good accordingly.The superiors`moral character is wind and the inferiors`smoral character,grass.When the grass is visited by the wind,it must surely bend."

愚公

学生做到了，先生呢？

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ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－子贡问友


子贡问友。子曰，“忠告而善道之，不可则止，毋自辱焉。”

    子贡请教交友之道。孔子说，“诚心诚意地劝告他，善解人意地开导他，他不听就算了，不要自讨没趣。”

    When Zi-gong asked how to associate with friends,the Master said,"Asvise them with wholehearted sincerity,and guide them with goodness,then stop.Do not bring humiliation upon yourself."




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现代人读“论语”－以文会友


曾子曰，“君子以文会友，以友辅仁。”
曾子说，“君子以文章学问来结交朋友，以朋友友谊来提高仁德。”
Master Zeng said,"The gentleman uses culture to associate with friends;he uses friends to promote humanity."




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现代人读“论语”－无倦



子路问政。子曰，“先之劳之。”请益。曰，“无倦。”
子路问为政之道。孔子回答，“自己给百姓先带头，然后才能激励百姓勤劳地耕作。”子路请求再多讲一点，孔子又说，“这样作用不懈怠！”
When Zi-lu asked about government,the Master said,"Guide them,and make them toil."
When asked to elaborate,the Master said,"Indefatigably."

ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－举尔所知


仲弓为季氏宰，问政。子曰，“现有司，赦小过，举贤才。”曰，“焉知贤才而举之？”子曰，“举尔所知，尔所不知，人其舍诸？”

    仲公任季氏的总管，向孔子问治理政事。孔子说，“先要给下属带头，不计较别人的小过错，提拔优秀人才。”仲公又问，“怎样发现和提拨贤才呢？”孔子回答，“那就提拨你所熟悉的人吧。至于那些你所不知道的咸菜，别人难道会埋没他们吗？”

    When Zhong-gong served as Ji Shi`s magistrate,he asked about government.
The Master said,"Guide the functionaries;pardon minor offenses;promote worthy and talented men."
    Zhong-gong said,"How do you get to know worthy and talented men to promote them?"
    The Master said,"Promote those you konw.As for those you do not know,will other men abandon them?"




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现代人读“论语”－诗《三百》


子曰，“诵《诗》三百，授之以政，不达；使于四方，不能专对。虽多，亦奚以为？”

孔子说，“读熟了三百篇《诗》，把政务交给他却办不成，派他出使外国，却不能独立应对。即使读得多，又有什么用呢？”

The Master said,"He who can recite the three hundred poems,when charged with state affairs,does not know to handle them;when dispatched as envoy to other states,cannot respond on his own-though many are the peoms he can recite,of what use is it?"





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现代人读“论语”－其身正


子曰，“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。”

孔子说，“领导者本身琐事政党，不发号施令，事情也行得通。如果自己行为不正，虽然三令五申，百姓也不信从。”

The Master said,"If you yourself are correct,even without the issuing of orders,things will get done;if you yourself are incorrect,although orders are issued,they will not be obeyed."

ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－鲁卫之政


子曰，“鲁卫之政，兄弟也。”

孔子说，“鲁国和卫国的政治象兄弟一样相似。”

The Master said,"The government of Lu and that of Wei are brothers."




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现代人读“论语”－善居室


子谓卫公子荆，“善居室。始有，曰‘苟合矣’。少有，曰‘苟完矣’。富有，曰，‘苟美矣’。”


孔子谈到卫国大夫公子荆,说他“善于治理家政。刚宽裕一点，就说‘凑合着够了’；稍多一点，就说‘差不多齐备了’；富有时，说‘差不多相当完美了’。”



The Master said of Prince Jing of Wei,"He is good at househole management.When he began to have some means,he said,’Quite enough!’When he had a little more,he said,’Quite sufficient!’When he had plenty,he said,’Quite manificent!’"





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现代人读“论语”－教之



子适卫，冉有仆。子曰，“庶矣哉！”
冉有曰，“既庶矣，又何加焉？”曰，“富之。”
曰，“既富矣，又何加焉？”曰，“教之。”

孔子行至卫国，弟子冉有给他驾着车子。孔子说，“人口好稠密啊！”
冉有问，“人口多了，该怎么办呢？”孔子回答，“使他们富裕起来。”
冉有接着又问，“已经富裕了，又该怎么办呢？”孔子回答，“教育他们。”

The Master journeyed to Wei,with Ran You driving.
The Master said,"How populous!"
Ran You said,"Now that it is populous,what is to be done next?"
The Master said,"Enrich them."
Ran You said,"When they are rich,what is to be done next?"
The Master said,"Instruct them."

愚公

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ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－三年有成


子曰，“苟有用我者，期月而已可也，三年有成。”

孔子说，“如果有人起用我主持政事，不过一年就可以初见成效，三年能有所成就。”

The Master said,"If anyone employs me,in a twelvemonth,things will become tolerably well;in three years,there will be notable accomplishments."





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现代人读“论语”－诚哉


子曰，“善人为邦百年，亦可以胜残去杀矣，诚哉是言也！”

孔子说，“‘善人治理国家一百年，就能可克服残暴，从而废除死刑’，这话真对啊！”
The Master said,"'If benevolent men were to rule a state a hundred years,they would be able to tame brutes and abolish capital punishment.'How true this saying rings!"




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现代人读“论语”－如有王者


子曰，“如有王者，必世而后仁。”
孔子说，“如果有圣明的天子出现，也必需经过一代人才能施仁政而成功。”
The Master said,"If there should emerge a sage man,it would surely take a generation for humanity to prevail."

ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－正其身


子曰，“苟正其身，于从政乎何有？不能正其身，如正人何？”
孔子说，“如果自身端正了，治理国政还有什么困难呢？自身不端正，怎么治国正人呢？”
The Master said,"If you can set yourself correct,what difficulty do you have in conducting state affairs?If you cannot set youself correct,how can you correct others?"




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现代人读“论语”－冉子退朝


冉子退朝。子曰，“何晏也？”对曰，“有政。”
子曰，“其事也。如有政，虽不吾以，吾其与闻之。”
冉有从朝廷回来。孔子说，“怎么回来这么晚呢？”冉有回答，“有政事缠身。”孔子说，“那只是季氏的家务事罢了。如果有证实，即使不让我参加，我也会知道的。”
When Master Ran returned from court,the Master said,"Why so late?"
Master Ran replied,"There was some state affair."
The Master said,"It must have been some house affair.If it had been a state affair,even though I am no longer employed,I would have been informed about it."




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现代人读“论语”－叶公问政


叶公问政。子曰，“近者悦，远者来。”
叶公问孔子怎样治理国家，孔子回答道，“要使本国人民活得高兴，使远方人民前来投奔。”
When The Duke of She asked about government,the Master said,"Make those nearby pleased and those far off folk to you."

ljandcyz2008

现代人读“论语”－欲速，则不达

子夏为莒父宰，问政。子曰，“无欲速，无见小利。欲速，则不达；见小利，则大事不成。”
子夏担任了莒县的县长，向孔子请教证实。孔子说，“不要过于图快，不要只贪求小利。求快就达不到目的，只看到小利就不能成就大事。”
When Zi-xia served as magistrate of Ju-fu,he asked about government.
The Master said,"Do not crave for speed;do not covet petty gains.If you carve for speed,you will not reach your destination;if you covet petty gains,great undertakings will not be accomplished."




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现代人读“论语”－樊迟问仁


樊迟问仁。子曰，“居处恭，执事敬，与人忠。虽之夷狄，不可弃也。”
樊迟问什么是仁，孔子答道，“处事要谦恭，办事要认真，对人要忠诚。即使到了边区野蛮仁部落，这些品德也不可放弃，也不能丢弃这几条。”
When Fan Chi asked about humanity,the Master said,"Conduct yourself with respect;perform your duties with reverence;treat others with wholehearted sincerity.Even if you should journey to the Yis and Dis,you cannot abandon these."



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现代人读“论语”－不得中行而与之


子曰，“不得中行而与之，必也狂狷乎！狂者进取，狷者有所不为也。”
孔子说，“不能与言行中庸的人交往，一定要与激进奔放和耿直自守的人交往。激进的人锐意进取，耿直的人不为非作歹。”
The Master said,"Unable to find men of the middle path to associate with,I must content myself with the high-minded and the principled.The high-minded forge ahead,and the principled refrain from doing certain things."

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现代人读“论语”－人而无恒


子曰，“南人有言曰，‘人而无恒，不可以作巫医。’善夫！”“不恒其德，或承之羞。”子曰，“不占而已矣。”


孔子说，“南方有句谚语，‘人没有恒心，不能担任巫师和医士。’说得好啊！”《易经。恒卦》说，“一个人三心二意，反复无常，就可能招致羞耻。”孔子说，“这是毋须占卜的。”


The Master said,"The Southern Man had a saying that goes,’If a man is inconstant,he should not have his fortune divined.’Well said!""He who is inconstant in normal character will always incur humiliation."
The Master said,"He should never try divination,that is all."




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现代人读“论语”－君子和而不同


子曰，“君子和而不同，小人同而不和。”
孔子说，“君子协调和谐而不苟同结党，小人结党营私而不协调和谐。”
The Master said,"The gentleman is harmonious but not conformable;the small man is conformable but not harmonious."




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现代人读“论语”－乡人皆好之


子贡问曰，“乡人皆好之，何如？”子曰，“未可也。”“乡人皆恶之，何如？”子曰，“未可也；不如乡人善者好之，其不善者恶之。”
子贡问道，“乡人都称赞他，怎么样呢？”孔子说，“不可以。”子贡说，“乡里人都厌恶他，怎么样啊？”孔子说，“也不可矣。倒不如乡里的好人称赞他，乡里的坏人厌恶他。”
Zi-gong asked,"The people of the prefecture all love him-what do you think about such a man?"
The Master said,"Not good enough."
"The people of the prefecture all hate him-what do you think about such a man?"
The Master said,"Not good enough,either.It would be best if the prefecture`s good people loved him and its evil people hated him."

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现代人读“论语”－君子易事


子曰，“君子易事而难说也。说之不以道，不说也；及其使人也，器之。小人难事而易说也。说之虽不以道，说也；及其使人，也求备焉。”
孔子说，“君子容易共事，讨他的喜欢却困难。不用正当的方法去讨他喜欢，他是不会喜欢的。当他使用人的时候，则是量才录用。小人难于共事，讨他的喜欢却容易。永不正当的方法去讨他喜欢，他也会喜欢。至于使用人的时候，他是求全责备的。”
The Master said,"The gentleman is easy to serve but hard to please.If you do not please him according to the Way,he is not pleased.When he employs a person,he measure his capacity.The small man is hard to serve but easy to please.Even though you do not please him according to the wrong Way,he is pleased.When he employs a person,he demands perfection."




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现代人读“论语”－为之也难


子曰，“其言之不怍，则为之也难。”
孔子说，“一个人说起话来大言不惭，实际做起来就很困难了。”
The Master said,"If one speaks unabashedl,he will find it difficult to practice."




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现代人读“论语”－勿斯也


子路问事君。子曰，“勿斯也，而犯之。”
子路询问如何服侍君主。孔子说，“不要欺骗他，但要犯颜谏诤。”
When Zi-lu asked how to serve the sovereign,the Master said,"Do not deceive him,but you may confront him."

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现代人读“论语”－君子上达


子曰，“君子上达，小人下达。”
孔子说，“君子向上通仁达义，小人向下求财谋利。”
The Master said,"The gentleman perceives higher things;the small man perceives lower things."




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现代人读“论语”－学者


子曰，“古之学者为己，今之学者为人。”
孔子说，“古代求学是为了自己而进德修业，现在人是炫耀与人，沽名钓誉。”
The Master said,"The scholars of antiquity learnt for themselves;the scholars of today learn for the approbation of others."




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现代人读“论语”－不在其位


子曰，“不在其位，不谋其政。”

孔子说，“不在那个职位上负责，便不参与那方面的政事。”

The Master said,"If you not in a certain position,do not concern yourself with its affairs."

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现代人读“论语”－思不出其位


曾子曰，“君子思不出其位。”
曾子说，“君子思虑的东西不超出他的职位。”
Master Zeng said,"The gentleman does not think beyond his position




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现代人读“论语”－耻其言


子曰，“君子耻其言而过行之。”
孔子说，“君子以说得多，做得少为耻辱。”
The Master said,"The gentleman deems it shameful if his action."




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现代人读“论语”－道者三


子曰，“君子道者三，我无能焉：仁者不忧，智者不惑，勇者不惧。”子贡曰，“夫子自道也。”
孔子说，“君子之道则有三种品行，我都没有做到：仁德的人不忧虑、明智的人不疑惑、勇敢的人不畏惧。”
子贡说，“这正是老师自谦的说法。”
The Master said,"There are three things in the gentleman`s Way that I am incapable of:the man of humanity is free from anxiety;the man of wisdom is free from delusion;the man of courage is free from fear."
Zi-gong said,"This is the Master`s self-portrayal."